what are xenobiotics

Xenobiotics are compounds that are foreign to an organism or are not part of its normal nutrition. Xenobiotics is a compound that is foreign to the body.

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A True b False.

. The liver is a major site for xenobiotic metabolism. Without metabolism many xenobiotics would reach toxic concentrations. Xenobiotic metabolism can be defined as chemical transformation by a biological system usually via DMEs which typically converts relatively lipophilic compounds into more readily excreted hydrophilic metabolites.

These are synthesized in the body or are produced as metabolites of various processes in the body. Answer 1 of 3. Xenobiotics are highly stable in nature.

More than 52 million organic and inorganic substances have been synthesized of which over 39 million are commercially available and thus represent potential human exposures. Xenobiotics can easily penetrate into the membrane. Another form of antibiotics.

Xenobiotics are all those elements and compounds that have a chemical structure that could not have arisen naturally said compounds have been the product of a previous development by the man in laboratories equipped and specialized in this field this way it is it is called synthetic compounds and their purposes can be of all kinds as for the field of. Is a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in body. The term Xenobiotic comes from the Greek for Xeno foreign and biotics of or relating to life.

Environmental pollutants hydrocarbons food additives oil mixtures pesticides other xenobiotics synthetic polymers carcinogens drugs and antioxidants are the major groups of xenobiotics. The xeno in xenobiotics comes from the Greek word xenos meaning guest friend or foreigner. Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes can be.

Xenobiotics are lipophilic hence can dissolve into the lipid membranes of the cells hence penetrating into the membranes by. Xenobiotics are foreign chemical substances reported in an organism which do not occur naturally or normally in that targeted organism. Xenobiotics Xenobiotics can be- b Endogenous Though they are not foreign substances but have effects similar to exogenous xenobiotics.

A form of nutrient. Xenobiotics are chemicals found but not produced in organisms or the environment. Examples-Bilirubin Bile acids Steroids Eicosanoids and certain fatty acids.

The proportion of these xenobiotics whose metabolism has been established in Man and laboratory animals is trivial. Often a xenobiotic compound may not be completely degraded by gratuitous metabolism but the product may be less polluting or may be used as substrate by some organisms. Anything that is not nutrients and.

Such as drugs food additives pollutants toxin etc. They all possess wide substrate specificity to cater for most foreign compounds that find their way into the body. Examples of Xenobiotics are compounds that include drugs food additives and environmental pollutants.

Nutrients which kill the gut harmful microbes. Xenobiotic substances are an issue for sewage treatment systems since they are many in number and each will present its own problems as to how to remove them and whether it is worth trying to Some xenobiotics substances are resistant to degradation. Of the 50 microsomal CYPs 15 act on xenobiotics.

Xenobiotics are molecules that are introduced into the body from the environment and subsequently metabolized by the body. So terminologically it means a foreign substance which deals with life. 29 rows Xenobiotics have been defined as chemicals to which an organism is exposed that are extrinsic to the normal metabolism of that organism.

Most metabolic activity inside the cell requires energy cofactors and enzymes in order to occur. Xenobiotics such as polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs and trichloroethylene TCE accumula. Since xenobiotic compounds molecular weight is very high they reduce the chances of entry into microbial cells.

The xenobiotics degraded by both gratuitous and co-metabolism are very similar to the natural substrates of the enzymes involved in their degradation. They are highly toxic ie toxicity of the compounds which are produced is very high. Drug metabolites may be pharmacologically active weakly active inactive or indeed reactive with endogenous macromolecules.

In the environment xenobiotics include synthetic pesticides herbicides and industrial. Xenobiotics have the potential to dissolve in lipids or fats and hence are lipophilic in nature. Metabolism of xenobiotics using metabolomics.

They are not recognized as substrates by degenerative organisms. Their solubility in water is very low or insoluble. These agents are normally eliminated from the body after metabolism to compounds that are excreted through the bile kidney lung or dermus.

Most metabolic activity inside the cell requires energy cofactors and enzymes in order to. Xenobiotics are generally considered as chemical compounds that are foreign to an organism body because they. Zeno-bi-otik a chemical compound foreign to a given biological system.

Without metabolism many xenobiotics would reach toxic concentrations. Some naturally occurring chemicals endobiotics become xenobiotics when present in the environment at excessive concentrations. Most pharmacological agents are lipophilic and their elimination from the body is facilitated by enzymatic modifications to render them more hydrophilic.

With respect to animals and humans xenobiotics include drugs drug metabolites and environmental compounds such as pollutants that are not produced by the body. In addition to foreign. Xenobiotics have been defined as chemicals to which an organism is exposed that are extrinsic to the normal metabolism of that organism.

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